Israeli President Isaac Herzog will get two very different receptions when he arrives in Australia on Monday – a warm welcome by a government determined to show solidarity with itsgrieving Jewish community, and mass protests by activists who consider him a war criminal.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese invited Herzog to visit as a gesture of unity with Jewish Australians after15 people were killedat a Hanukkah festival near Sydney's Bondi Beach – the worst terror attack committed in the country.
In the weeks after the December 14 attack, the government has repeatedly pushed the need for social cohesion. However, Albanese's decision to invite Herzog – the head of state of a country accused of genocide in Gaza, a claim Israel's government denies – has angered many Australians and even led to calls for the visitor's arrest.
"I really do understand the depth of feeling about this visit, the depth of feeling in the community about what we've seen in Gaza over the last two years… but this visit is about a mourning Jewish community, and I would ask Australians to recall that," Foreign Minister Penny Wong told ABC Radio.
Like many nations across the world, Australia has experienced sharp divisions over Israel's war in Gaza that have spilled into protests – with more planned in as many as 30 cities nationwide on Monday to mark Herzog's visit.
The largest will be outside Sydney Town Hall, where up to 5,000 pro-Palestinian protesters are expected to gather, despite restrictions on protests in the area imposed after the Bondi massacre.
Police say the protesters risk arrest if they move beyond the Town Hall square. Protest organizer Josh Lees, from the Palestinian Action Group, says demonstrators will not be intimidated.
"We will be there in huge numbers for a peaceful protest to say Herzog is not welcome," he said in a message posted to Instagram.
Major Jewish groups in Australia, including the Executive Council of Australian Jewry and the Australian Jewish Association, have welcomed Herzog's visit and condemned the planned protests.
"President Herzog is a patriot and a person of dignity and compassion and holds an office that is above party politics," said Alex Ryvchin, co-chief executive ECAJ, which represents some 200 Jewish groups around the country.
"He is a person who has sadly had to comfort families, police and first responders after terrorist attacks many times, and will know how to reassure and fortify our community in its darkest time."
What the UN commission said about Herzog
As Israel's head of state, Herzog occupies a largely ceremonial role removed from the executive decision-making led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, whose stated aim to destroy Hamas following the group's October 7 massacre has resulted in the deaths of over 70,000 Palestinians, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health.
The International Criminal Court issuedarrest warrants for Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant in 2024for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity. Then last September, an independent UN inquiry found Netanyahu and Gallant – as well as Herzog – had"incited the commission of genocide."
The inquiry commission pointed to comments Herzog made less than a week after Hamas militantskilled and kidnapped hundreds of Israelison October 7, 2023. Herzog said "an entire nation" had been responsible for the Hamas attack.
His words "may reasonably be interpreted as incitement to the Israeli security forces personnel to target the Palestinians in Gaza as a group as being collectively culpable," the commission found.
After the report's release, Herzog angrily dismissed it as suffering from a lack of legitimacy.
The president's office has not responded to a CNN request for comment. But Herzog has previously rejected claims he blamed all Palestinian people for the attack.
One of the authors of the report, UN commissioner Chris Sidoti, a former Australian human rights commissioner, says the country has a legal and moral imperative to detain Herzog on arrival, though he doesn't think it'll happen.
"I feel quite confident that he would not even be attempting this trip if he had not received assurances from the Australian government that he would not be arrested," he said. The Australian Federal Police (AFP) has confirmed that Herzog is protected by diplomatic immunity.
An Israeli official told CNN that Israel's justice ministry had assured Herzog and his delegation there was no threat of arrest, partly because it was a state visit and also because no warrants existed for anyone in their party.
One of Herzog's entourage, Doron Almog, chairman of the Jewish Agency, is also the subject of a formal complaint filed with the AFP by four legal groups including the Australian Centre for International Justice (ACIJ) and Palestinian human rights organization Al-Haq.
Almog, a former general in the Israel Defense Forces, reportedly canceled a planned trip to South Africa for fear he'd be arrested there by a country that took a genocide case against Israel to the International Court of Justice.
Unlike Herzog, Almog does not have diplomatic immunity, the lawyers said.
CNN has reached out to the Jewish Agency for comment.
'This does not make Jews safer'
In an interview with The Australian newspaper prior to his arrival, Herzog said he wanted to use the trip to confront "lies and false information" about Israel.
"It's the time to get out of that brainwash campaign that has been going on within the Australian public for quite some time, both against the Jews and against Israelis."
But not all Jewish groups in Australia are poised to welcome him.
The Jewish Council of Australia, a progressive advocacy group, accused Albanese of using Jewish grief as a "political prop and diplomatic backdrop."
Hosting Herzog "risks entrenching the dangerous and antisemitic conflation between Jewish identity and the actions of the Israeli state," Sarah Schwartz, the group's executive officer, said in a statement. "This does not make Jews safer. It does the opposite."
On Monday, the group says a full-page open letter signed by "hundreds of Jews" will be published in two major Australian newspapers to "send a loud message that Herzog is not welcome here."
After the Bondi attacks, many in the Jewish community said Albanese had not done enough to stamp outantisemitism that had worsenedsince Israel sought to avenge Hamas' murderous attack.
In the two years to September 2025, as Netanyahu's government turned much of Gaza to rubble and the Palestinian death toll grew, Jewish groups recorded more than 3,700 "anti-Jewish incidents" in Australia, including arson attacks onsynagogues, car fires, and antisemitic graffiti.
The shaken Jewish community was forced to increase its own security for fear that hatred could turn to bloodshed.
In the days after the Bondi Beach massacre – allegedly committed by afather and sonwho had embraced Islamic State ideology – the government announcedsweeping new gun laws, tougher rules on hate speech, and stronger powers for the home affairs minister to cancel visas on character grounds.
As his political opponents demanded he recall parliament and hold a special federal investigation into the attacks, Albanese asked Australia's governor-general to formally invite to Herzog to the country.
Just over a month later, police spent this weekend in talks with the Sydney-based Palestinian Action Group to try to convince it to accept a compromise protest location, away from the Town Hall.
Sidoti, the UN commissioner, said the Australian government had made a "tragic mistake" by inviting Herzog to the country at a time of deep division.
"This mistake should have been corrected weeks ago. It's still not too late to correct it, but it's increasingly unlikely with every hour that passes, and that's a grave pity," he said.
"This is a visit that will have serious consequences for social cohesion in Australia."
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