A group of close friends and experienced skiers had long planned a backcountry trip in the rugged Sierra Nevada mountains, but their trek ended in tragedy as a football-field-sized crush of snow and ice overtook their tour.
A skier cried "avalanche!" in the remote stretch of the mountains, but the group was soon overcome by the deluge Tuesday, the sheriff said.
Six of those friends, mothers and wives, are now counted among nine killed or presumed dead in theavalanche near California's Lake Tahoe- the deadliest avalanche the US has seen in 45 years.
An investigation into the incident is underway, including into whether criminal negligence played a role, according to the Nevada County Sheriff's Office, and California's workplace safety agency has launched a probe into the tour company that organized the trip, Blackbird Mountain Guides,CNN affiliate KXTVreported.
Blackbird has said all of the guides with the group arehighly trained, including being certified instructors with the American Institute for Avalanche Research and Education.
The group of 15, including four guides, had embarked on the three-day backcountry expedition over Presidents' Day weekend and was on its final day, heading back to the trailhead, when the tragedy struck.
Six survivors were rescued, but the effort to recover bodies has since been hindered by days of heavy snow and risky conditions with extreme cold temperatures expected in the next 24 hours.
Experienced skiers on a long-planned trip
The members of the tight-knit friend group who died were identified in a statement by their families as Carrie Atkin, Liz Clabaugh, Danielle Keatley, Kate Morse, Caroline Sekar and Kate Vitt.
The women were "connected through the love of the outdoors," and "passionate, skilled skiers who cherished time together in the mountains," their families said in a statement. "They were experienced backcountry skiers who deeply respected the mountains."
The trip had been organized "well in advance" and they had trained and prepared for the rough travel, trusted their professional guides, and were fully equipped with avalanche safety equipment, according to the statement.
But the conditions that day proved to be severe. While two members of the friend group and four others on the trip were rescued from the aftermath Tuesday, the family members of nine others, including three guides, received devastating news. The bodies of eight had been left on the icy mountainside, and one other was still missing, presumed dead among the blanket of snow.
"We have many unanswered questions," the families' statement said. "We are heartbroken and are doing our best to care for one another and our families in the way we know these women would have wanted."
Sekar and Clabaugh were sisters, their brother toldThe New York Times, who said he was wounded to have lost both of them.
"These are two of the best people I've ever known," McAlister Clabaugh told the newspaper. "They were incredible sisters, mothers, wives and friends. And the idea that they are both gone is, I don't even know how to put it into words."
The six friends lived in the Bay Area, Idaho, and the Truckee–Tahoe region, the statement said.
Sekar's neighbor described her as "a wonderful human being who loved life," KXTV reported. She was "a very vibrant person, one of the nicest people I've ever known."
Vitt "seemed like a super friendly, great mom," one of her neighbors, Carleen Cullen, told KXTV. "She was just always out there with her kids and getting them hustled off to school and after-school activities."
"Our hearts go out to those that lost their lives and a community of skiers, a community of families from the Bay Area," California Gov. Gavin Newsom said Thursday, noting his wife had a connection to some of the victims.
"Turns out (we have) a lot of mutual friends in Marin County. Just learning some of my wife's old family friends," he told reporters at an event in the Bay Area.
"I've been in that area many, many times. Stayed in those cabins just a year or so ago, and very mindful of the terrain and the nature of this," Newsom added, referring to huts the group stayed in during the trip.
Recovery efforts after historic avalanche prove challenging
The deadliest avalanche in California's recorded history has drawn rescue and recovery resources from as far as Los Angeles — about 500 miles away.
Incident response teams have been waiting for a break in the storm when they may safely trek back to the rough terrain, which officials described as "vertical in nature," to bring home the bodies.
"Due to hazardous weather conditions, avalanche victims cannot be safely extracted off the mountain today. Recovery efforts are expected to carry into the weekend," the Nevada County Sheriff's Office said in an update on Thursday.
Crews faced the ongoing threat of additional avalanches on Thursday with over a foot of snow in the area. Sustained winds reaching up to 20 mph, punctuated with even stronger gusts, limited visibility, hampering teams' ability to navigate the mountainside.
The battering snow subsided Thursday night, offering rescuers a reprieve on Friday and into the weekend. The main concern for the next 24 hours is extreme cold, with temperatures expected to reach the teens in the morning and the 20s for most of the afternoon, according to CNN Meteorologist Allison Chinchar.
Even on a good day, the area is not for the inexperienced.
"It's a very remote, rugged area on the north side of the highway there. It is not a groomed area or a ski resort area. This is a backcountry area," Moon said.
As a result of the avalanche, the Tahoe National Forest closed all lands and trails in the Castle Peak areauntil March 15, forest officials announced Thursday.
"Due to the current instability of the snowpack and need to prioritize first responder access to the area, members of the public are prohibited from entering the closure area," officials said in asocial media post.
Conditions were ripe for an avalanche
Fifteen people were on the guided trip this week, officials said. Blackbird Mountain Guides said six clients and three guides are among those killed, while five clients and one guide survived the avalanche.
The survivors consist of four men and two women; those confirmed and presumed dead include seven women and two men, Moon said.
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One of the people killed was the spouse of a Tahoe Nordic Search and Rescue team member, making the search and recovery effort particularly wrenching for their personnel, Woo said.
Some of the victims were also members of the Sugar Bowl Academy community, a private school and ski training center located near the avalanche site, the academy said in a statement.
The Blackbird Mountain Guides group had spent three days traversing Castle Peak's wild terrain and staying in huts near Donner Summit — an area that before 2020 was closed to the public for nearly a century.
As the group made their way back to civilization Tuesday morning, one of the skiers spotted an oncoming avalanche, said Nevada County sheriff's operations Capt. Rusty Greene, citing a survivor's account.
Moon said the avalanche wasclassifiedas a 2.5 on a five-level scale that measures the destructive potential of moving avalanche debris.
"A two would bury a person. A three would bury a house, and it's right in the middle of those two," Moon told CNN.
The snowpack the skiers had been traveling on had a weak layer that had been loaded up with snow, making conditions ripe for an avalanche, according to Chris Feutrier, USDA forest supervisor for the Tahoe National Forest. The area was under the second-highest level, a 4 of 5, of an avalanche threat Tuesday.
Seconds of disaster, hours of harrowing wait
At 11:30 a.m., the Nevada County dispatch center received a 911 call reporting the avalanche, Moon said. Though dozens of search and rescue personnel swarmed to the area, it would take crews several hours to reach the group in "horrific" conditions, she said.
"Lots of snow, gale force winds, winds making it impossible to see," Moon said of the conditions. For their own safety, rescue crews had to proceed at a "slow and steady pace."
As the surviving skiers — some of whom were injured — waited, they scrambled to form a makeshift shelter and stay warm, Moon said. They also attempted to find the rest of their group, and were able to locate three bodies before rescuers arrived.
Before rescue units arrived on the scene, they knew at least six people had survived. The surviving group had been communicating with them via emergency beacons and iPhone SOS signals, Moon said. One of the guides was able to communicate with rescuers by text during the hours crews were trying to reach them.
By around 5:30 p.m., rescuers were able to reach the avalanche site, Moon said. With no road to the remote scene, they drove as far as they could on a snowcat, a specialized snow vehicle equipped with large treads, before they had to ski the rest of the way.
Two of the survivors were unable to walk due to their injuries, the sheriff said. Rescuers were able to get them over two miles of snow to the awaiting snowcats. Two people rescued were later transported to hospital, authorities said.
The bodies of the skiers killed in the avalanche had to be left behind, authorities explained, as the sheer terrain and extreme weather made it dangerous for first responders to coordinate their removal.
Tuesday's tragedy marks the deadliest avalanche in the US since 1981, when 11 people died in an avalanche on Ingraham Glacier on Mount Rainier in Washington, according to theAssociated Press.
Guides were highly trained
Blackbird Mountain Guides said all four guides on the trip were American Mountain Guides Association trained or certified in backcountry skiing and guides in the field had been in communication with senior guides at their base about conditions and route decisions.
Blackbird said it is still working to understand exactly what happened and that investigations are underway.
The company suspended all field operations through at least February 22, as it supports families and staff.
"We ask that people following this tragedy refrain from speculating. We don't have all the answers yet, and it may be some time before we do. In the meantime, please keep those impacted in your hearts," the company said.
The sheriff's office said Thursday in a statement to Reuters that it was conducting an investigation into whether criminal negligence was involved, "in addition to the coroner's death investigations."
It cautioned the investigation was in the preliminary stages and it was too early to name a specific target of any possible charges, Reuters reported.
CNN has reached out to the sheriff's office and the Nevada County District Attorney's Office, which would decide on any possible charges. The attorney's office declined to comment to Reuters.
The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) also said Thursday it has up to six months to complete its investigation into Blackbird Mountain Guides and issue citations if workplace safety regulations were violated, KXTV reported.
CNN has reached out to Cal/OSHA, the sheriff's department and Blackbird Mountain Guides.
Rescue mission turns into recovery operation
Though survivors made it safely off the mountain, families of the deceased are enduring a dayslong wait to be reunited with their loved ones' remains. The mission, Moon said, has gone "from a rescue to a recovery."
Authorities have been in regular contact with the families, but the Nevada County Sheriff's Office said Thursday it is unable to confirm the identifications, ages or cities of origin for all of the deceased victims "until the recovery mission is completed."
"It's a difficult conversation to have with loved ones," Moon said Wednesday. "I can't even imagine the amount of questions and stress that those families are going through right now."
A community vigil in memory of the victims will be held at 6 p.m. Sunday in downtown Truckee. Additionally, there will be an interfaith service at Church of the Mountains at 5:30 p.m. Monday.
"The best thing we can do is surround our athletes and families with care and support while providing the necessary space and time for grief and healing," Stephen McMahon, executive director of the Sugar Bowl Academy, said.
This story has been updated with additional information.
CNN's Chris Dolce, Mary Gilbert, Cindy Von Quednow, Martin Goillandeau and Chimaine Pouteau contributed to this report.
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A group of close friends and experienced skiers had long planned a backcountry trip in the rugged Sierra Nevada mountains...
